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Cray Standard C++ Template Instantiation [6]
A template describes a class or function that is a model for a family of related
classes or functions. The act of generating a class or function from a template is
called template instantiation.
Note: The information in this chapter does not pertain to C or the Cray
Standard C compiler.
For example, a template can be created for a stack class, and then a stack of
integers, a stack of floats, and a stack of some user-defined type can be used. In
source code, these might be written as
Stack<int>, Stack<float>, and
Stack<X>. From a single source description of the template for a stack, the
compiler can create instantiations of the template for each of the types required.
The instantiation of a class template is always done as soon as it is needed during
a compilation. However, the instantiations of template functions, member
functions of template classes, and static data members of template classes
(template entities) are not necessarily done immediately for the following
reasons:
• The preferred end result is one copy of each instantiated entity across all
object files in a program. This applies to entities with external linkage.
• A specialization of a template entity is allowed. For example, a specific
version of Stack<int>, or of just Stack<int>::push could be written
to replace the template-generated version and to provide a more efficient
representation for a particular data type.
Because the compiler does not know about specializations of entities provided
in future compilations when compiling a reference to a template entity, it
cannot automatically instantiate the template in source files that contain
references to the template.
• If a template function is not referenced, it should not be compiled because
such functions could contain semantic errors that would prevent compilation.
Therefore, a reference to a template class should not automatically instantiate
all the member functions of that class.
Note: Certain template entities, such as inline functions, are always
instantiated when they are used.
If the compiler is responsible for doing all instantiations automatically, it can only
do so for the entire program. That is, the compiler cannot make decisions about
S–2179–36 109
- Cray Standard C/C++ Reference 1
- New Features 3
- Record of Revision 5
- S–2179–36 v 9
- Directives [3] 45 11
- Cray Standard C++ [4] 103 13
- Predefined Macros [7] 117 14
- Contents 15
- S–2179–36 xi 15
- S–2179–36 xiii 17
- Related Publications 18
- Ordering Documentation 19
- Conventions 19
- Reader Comments 20
- Introduction [1] 21
- 2 S–2179–36 22
- Compiler Commands [2] 23
- 2.1 CC Command 24
- 2.2 cc Command 24
- S–2179–36 5 25
- 2.3 Command Line Options 26
- S–2179–36 7 27
- CC -O3 -h vector2 myfile.c 28
- 8 S–2179–36 28
- S–2179–36 9 29
- 10 S–2179–36 30
- 2.5 Template Language Options 32
- 2.6 Virtual Functions Options 33
- 2.7 General Language Options 34
- S–2179–36 15 35
- 16 S–2179–36 36
- S–2179–36 17 37
- 18 S–2179–36 38
- S–2179–36 19 39
- 20 S–2179–36 40
- S–2179–36 21 41
- 22 S–2179–36 42
- S–2179–36 23 43
- 24 S–2179–36 44
- S–2179–36 25 45
- 2.15 Math Options 46
- S–2179–36 27 47
- 2.16 Analysis Tool Options 48
- 2.17 Debugging Options 49
- 2.18 Compiler Message Options 50
- -h nomessage=174:9 51
- S–2179–36 31 51
- 32 S–2179–36 52
- S–2179–36 33 53
- 34 S–2179–36 54
- 2.20 Preprocessing Options 55
- 36 S–2179–36 56
- S–2179–36 37 57
- 2.21 Loader Options 58
- S–2179–36 39 59
- 2.22 Miscellaneous Options 60
- 2.23 Command Line Examples 62
- 2.24 Environment Variables 63
- 44 S–2179–36 64
- #pragma Directives [3] 65
- 3.1 Protecting Directives 66
- 3.3 Loop Directives 66
- 3.5 General Directives 68
- S–2179–36 55 75
- 3.6 Instantiation Directives 77
- 3.7 Vectorization Directives 77
- 3.8 Tasking Directives 82
- S–2179–36 63 83
- 64 S–2179–36 84
- __tsk_name_nnn 85
- S–2179–36 65 85
- 66 S–2179–36 86
- S–2179–36 67 87
- 70 S–2179–36 90
- 80 S–2179–36 100
- Directives [3] 101
- S–2179–36 81 101
- 82 S–2179–36 102
- S–2179–36 83 103
- S–2179–36 85 105
- 3.10 Scalar Directives 106
- S–2179–36 87 107
- 88 S–2179–36 108
- S–2179–36 89 109
- S–2179–36 91 111
- 92 S–2179–36 112
- S–2179–36 97 117
- 98 S–2179–36 118
- 3.11 Inlining Directives 120
- Cray Standard C++ [4] 123
- 104 S–2179–36 124
- 5.1 Complex Data Extensions 125
- 5.2 fortran Keyword 126
- S–2179–36 109 129
- 6.1 Automatic Instantiation 130
- S–2179–36 111 131
- 6.2 Instantiation Modes 133
- 114 S–2179–36 134
- 6.5 Implicit Inclusion 136
- Predefined Macros [7] 137
- 118 S–2179–36 138
- S–2179–36 119 139
- 8.1 Cray TotalView Debugger 141
- 122 S–2179–36 142
- S–2179–36 123 143
- 126 S–2179–36 146
- S–2179–36 127 147
- 128 S–2179–36 148
- S–2179–36 129 149
- Cray Standard C main program: 150
- 134 S–2179–36 154
- S–2179–36 135 155
- Cray Standard C++ program: 156
- S–2179–36 139 159
- S–2179–36 141 161
- 144 S–2179–36 164
- S–2179–36 145 165
- 146 S–2179–36 166
- S–2179–36 147 167
- 148 S–2179–36 168
- S–2179–36 149 169
- 150 S–2179–36 170
- 152 S–2179–36 172
- Libraries and Loaders [A] 173
- 154 S–2179–36 174
- S–2179–36 155 175
- B.1 C++ Conformance 177
- 158 S–2179–36 178
- S–2179–36 159 179
- 160 S–2179–36 180
- B.2 C++ Anachronisms Accepted 181
- 164 S–2179–36 184
- S–2179–36 171 191
- Compiler Messages [C] 193
- 174 S–2179–36 194
- C.3 Message Severity 195
- C.4 Common System Messages 196
- S–2179–36 177 197
- Intrinsic Functions [D] 199
- Cray SV1 series only 201
- S–2179–36 181 201
- S–2179–36 183 203
- 184 S–2179–36 204
- S–2179–36 185 205
- 186 S–2179–36 206
- S–2179–36 187 207
- 188 S–2179–36 208
- S–2179–36 189 209
- 190 S–2179–36 210
- S–2179–36 191 211
- 192 S–2179–36 212
- S–2179–36 193 213
- 194 S–2179–36 214
- S–2179–36 195 215
- 196 S–2179–36 216
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